吴江地区蔺草制品仓储昆虫群落结构初步研究

Preliminary Study on the Community Structure of Storage Insects of Juncus effuses L.Products in Wujiang Area

[目的]为有效防治仓储害虫奠定理论基础。[方法]对吴江地区15个蔺草制品加工点的原料和半成品仓库的仓储害虫种类和数量进行调查,进而研究该地区仓储害虫的群落结构。[结果]共发现14种昆虫,其中黑白雪灯蛾是鳞翅目害虫,黑头叉胸花蝽为半翅目昆虫的天敌。其余害虫均属于鞘翅目。黄粉虫和黑菌虫的发生频率最高。鞘翅目昆虫是蔺草制品储藏昆虫群落的主要类群,其数量比例为88%,种类比例为85.7%,危害最大。鳞翅目昆虫的数量比例为6.1%,危害较小。黄粉虫和黑菌虫的优势度最高,分别为0.12和0.11,赤拟谷盗和烟草甲次之,为0.09和0.07。黄粉虫、黑菌虫和赤拟谷盗的优势度在8月1日到9月15日最高,在5月15日到7月15日次之。[结论]蔺草加工点仓储害虫的优势种为黄粉虫,高发期为5月中旬到9月初。

[ Objective] The study aimed to lay a theoretical foundation for controlling storage pests effectively. [ Method ] The species and quantities of storage pests in the warehouses of raw material and semifinished products at the 15 processing sites of Juncus effuses L. products in Wujiang area were investigated for studying their community structure. [ Result] There were 14 species of insects found out. Among them, Spilosoma urticae Esper was pest in Lepidoptera and Amphiareus obscuriceps was the natural enemy of hemipterous insects. The other pests belong to Coleoptera. The occurrence frequencies of Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus and Alphitobius diaperinus were highest. The insects in Coleop- tera were the major class group in storage insect community of J. effuses products, their quantitative and species proportions were 88% and 85. 7% resp. and their damage was greatest. The quantitative proportion of insects in Lepidoptera was 6, 1% and its damage was less. The dominance degrees of T. molitor and A. diaperinus were highest, being 0.12 and 0.11 resp. and that of Tribolium castaneum Herbst and cigarette beetle were secondary, being 0.09 and 0.07 resp. The dominance degrees of T. molitor, A. diaperinus and T. castaneum were highest in the period from Aug. 1st to Sep. 15th and secondary in the period from May 15th to Jul. 15th. [ Conclusion] The dominant species of storage pests at the processing sites of J. effuses was T. molitor and its peak period was from middle May to early Sep.