不同磷化铝施药量的熏蒸效果研究

Study on the Fumigation Effects of Different Application Dosages of Aluminum Phosphide

[目的]为使用磷化氢(PH3)防治烟草甲提供试验依据。[方法]以烟草甲成虫、幼虫和卵为试验对象,通过熏蒸试验比较了不同磷化铝施药量及密闭时间对熏蒸效果的影响。[结果]熏蒸时间为8～80 h时,各处理的箱内PH3浓度随着时间的延长而逐渐增大,80 h左右PH3浓度达峰值;在此期间箱内的PH3浓度及其增加速率低于垛内空间。施药后80 h内,PH3的浓度、渗透速率与施药量成正相关。熏蒸时间为80～104 h时,各处理箱内和垛内空间的PH3浓度随着时间的延长而逐渐降低且垛内空间PH3浓度的下降速度大于箱内。熏蒸处理的烟草中烟草甲成虫和幼虫全部死亡,对照烟草甲的成虫死亡率为28.3%,幼虫死亡率为40.0%。[结论]箱内PH3浓度达200 mg/kg并保持在该浓度以上96 h能杀死烟箱内各虫态的烟草甲。

[ Objective ] The aim was to provide experimental basis for controlling cigarette beetle with phosphine （ PH3 ）. [ Method ] With the adults, larva and eggs of cigarette beetle as experimental objects, the influences of different application dosages of aluminum phosphide and seal time on fumigation effect were compared through fumigation experiment. [ Result ] When the fumigation time was 8 -80 h, the PH3 concn. in box of various treatments was being increased along with the extending of time and it reached its peak value after about 80 h ; in this time, the PH3 conch, in box and its increasing rate were lower than that in the interspace in stack. In the 80 h after pesticide application, the concn, and permeation rate of PH3 were positively related to its application dosage. When the fumigation time was 80 - 104 h, the PH3 concn. in box and the interspace in stack were being decreased along with the extending of time and the decreasing speed of PH3 conen, in the interspace in stack was higher than that in box. The adults and larva of cigarette beetle in the tobacco treated with fumigation died completely. The adult mortality of cigarette beetle in CK was 28.3% and its larval mortality was 40.0%. [ Conclusion] The cigarette beetles in various states in smoke box could be killed while the PH3 concn, in box reached 200 mg/kg and was kept above it for 96 h.