遥感在物种多样性监测中的应用

Application of Remote Sensing Technique in the Detection of Species Diversity

迅速发展的遥感技术由于能够在不同时空尺度上提供物种分布变化等信息,正逐渐成为监测陆地和海洋生态系统的重要工具,在生物多样性保护领域发挥着举足轻重的作用。遥感用于监测生物多样性分为直接监测和间接监测,直接监测是利用机载或星载遥感直接对动、植物物种进行分类制图研究,间接监测主要依据生境异质性、生产力空间异质性和环境参数变化估计物种丰度和分布情况。直接监测和间接监测各有优缺点,为获取物种分布形式及变化的准确信息,应将二者有机结合,从而为设计有效的物种保护战略提供科学依据。

The booming remote sensing technique could provide amount of the variable data of species distribution at different temporal and spatial scales, so it has been a useful tool for monitoring the land and marine ecosystem and also takes an important role in biodiveraity science and conservation. There are two general approaches to the remote sensing of species diversity. One is to directly monitor and map flora and fauna species, using airborne or satellite sensom ; The other one is indirect detection of species abundance and distribution patterns through reliance on habitat heterogeneity, spatial heterogeneity based on primary productivity and environmental parameters as proxies. Because these two approaches have their respective pros and cons, both of them should be put into thorough consideration to provide scientific basis for designing the efficient conservation strategies, in order to have a full understanding of global patterns of the existing species distribution.