黄土旱塬长期施肥对小麦产量及养分平衡的影响

Effect of long-term fertilization on wheat yield and nutrient balance in dryland of the Loess Plateau

基于长期定位试验,研究不同肥料施用对小麦产量及养分平衡的影响。结果表明,合理施肥可以明显提高小麦的产量,增加小麦对养分的吸收量,同时达到培肥地力的效果。氮、磷配施增产效果显著,增幅为111.7%;在单施氮肥、单施磷肥的基础上施有机肥,分别比单施氮肥和单施磷增产32.7%、155.7%。氮、磷及有机肥配施时氮、磷、钾总吸收量均最多,分别增加303.5%、128.6%、238.8%。肥料单施,土壤中的部分养分会出现亏缺,单施氮肥,土壤中磷素亏损100%;单施磷肥,氮素亏损100%。肥料配施,氮素、磷素都出现不同程度的盈余。农业生产中该区要重视施用有机肥及肥料的合理配施。

Based on a long-term experiment,the effects of long-term fertilization on wheat yield and nutrient balance were investigated.The results show that rational use of fertilizer can increase wheat yield significantly,and increase the amount of nutrient absorption and improve nutrient content of soil.The combination of N and P application can increase wheat yield by 111.7%.Compared with the single application of N fertilizer and single application of P fertilizer,adding manure can increase the yield by 32.7% and 155.7%. The combination of N, P and manure application can increase the amount of N, P and K absorption by 303.5%, 128.6% and 238.8% separately. In single application of fertilizer, a part of soil nutrients will he deficit. In single application of N fertilizer, soil P loss is high as 100%, while in single application of P fertilizer, N loss is as high as 100%. In combination of fertilizer, there are different levels surplus of N and P. In the experimental region, the agricultural production should focus on the application of manure fertilizer and the combination of fertilizer reasonably.