河西走廊绿洲棉花集群高产栽培试验研究

Experimental studies on high-yield cluster cultivation of cotton in the Hexi Corridor oases of northwestern China

根据荒漠植物集群分布适应极端严酷环境的特点,在棉花传统栽培和改进栽培的基础上,开展了1穴3株栽培试验,在小区试验筛选出最佳种植方式的基础上,再次进行了田间试验。小区试验表明,1穴3株皮棉产量最高达到1 498 kg/hm2,高出1穴1株传统栽培32.3%,高出1穴2株改进栽培23.0%;同样,水分利用效率也是1穴3株高于1穴1株和1穴2株,皮棉水分利用效率分别高出1穴1株和1穴2株28.6%和20.0%。田间试验表明,1穴3株皮棉产量显著提高（P〈0.05）,分别高出1穴1株和1穴2株36.5%和20.2%;1穴3株的皮棉水分利用效率分别高出1穴1株和1穴2株30.0%和18.2%。这表明,荒漠绿洲区棉花1穴3株的集群栽培能够显著提高皮棉产量,以带行穴距50 cm×30 cm×25-30 cm的双行带状种植为宜,株距随着土壤肥力提高和立地条件改善而加大。这一栽培模式可以在边缘绿洲大力推广。

In order to explore cotton cultivation and management mode,which can enhance yield and water use efficiency in desert oasis region,a cluster cultivation experiment of 3 plants in a hole was carried out based on the traditional and improved cultivation of cotton and the clustered characteristic of desert plants to adapt the harsh environment.Moreover,a field experiment was carried out once again based on the best planting mode,which was chosen from the above plot experiment.The results of the plot experiment showed that, lint yield for 3 plants in a hole was up to 1 498 kg/hm2, which was 32.3 % higher than the traditional cultivation for 1 plant in a hole and 23.0 % higher than the improved one for 2 plants in a hole. Similarly, water use efficiency （WUE） of lint yield for 3 plants in a hole was 28.6% and 20.0% higher than 1 plant in a hole and 2 plants in a hole, respectively. Field experiment also showed that lint yield for 3 plants in a hole was 36.5 % and 20.2 % significantly higher than 1 plant in a hole and 2 plants in a hole, respectively （ P 〈 0.05）. And its WUE of lint yield was 30% and 18.2% higher than the above both respectively. These results indicated that the cluster cultivation of 3 plants in a hole obviously enhanced the lint yield of cotton in desert oasis, And we also tried out the best planting mode for this cultivation, which was double row in strip shaped mode with a strip-row-hole spacing of 50 cm ×30 cm ×25-30 cm. In addition, that hole-spacing could be bigger if soil fertility and stand conditions were improved. This cultivation mode can be extended at marginal oasis.