论社会转型期公共政策公共性偏离及矫正

Deviation and Rectification of Public Policy′s Publicness in the Social Transition

国内外学界普遍认为,公共性是国家(政府)和公共政策的本质属性,是其应然状态。国外学者认为,造成公共政策公共性偏离的因素主要有客观原因和主观原因。公共政策公共性偏离的主要表现是:一方面,政府应该作为,但是由于种种原因,政府迟迟不作为和作为不到位;另一方面,政府作为了,但是由于主客观原因,偏离公共利益的方向,导致公共政策公共性偏离。造成公共政策公共性偏离的直接原因是:政府角色错位,社会转型期法制的"软约束",公共政策的供求关系失衡,在公共政策议程的确定、制定、执行、评估中公共性偏离等。克服公共政策公共性偏离的对策可以从以下几方面入手:创新政府文化;推进政府信息公开,建设透明电子政府;完善行政责任追究机制,建设道德责任政府;完善公共财政体制,为公共政策公共性提供物质保障。

At home and abroad, publicness is regarded as the nature of Country （Government） and public policy. Foreign scholars think that main reasons of deviation of public policy＇s publicness contain objective and subjective reasons and defect of public administration theory. Performances about deviation of public policy＇s publicness contain： On the one hand, the government should act, but for various reasons, the government tries to delay or has no action; On the other hand, the government has done, because of subjective and objective reasons, deviated from the public interest, resulting in deviation from the publicness of public policy, causes of deviation contain： The role of government dislocated, law＇s soft constraint, the imbalance between supply and demand of public policy, deviating publicness during identification, implementation, evaluation of public policy. Measures of overcoming the deviation of public policy＇s publicness contain： Culture innovation of the goverm^nent; promoting opening government information, building a transparent e-government; improving mechanism of going behind responsibility of the government; improving public finance system for the publicness of public policy to provide material protection.