新疆小麦品种(系)高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基遗传多样性分析

Analysis of Genetic Diversity of HMW-GS in Wheat Varieties and Strains of Xinjiang

【目的】更好的了解和有效利用新疆选育的小麦种质材料。【方法】采用SDS-PAGE技术对88份小麦育成品种与自育品系的高分子量麦谷白亚基(HMW-GS)组成进行了分析。【结果】参试材料中共有15种HMW-GS类型,Glu-A1位点上有Null、1和2*,以Null亚基为主要类型(占57.96%);GIu-B1位点上有7+97、+8、6+8、14+15、17+18、7、8和20八种类型,以7+9和7+8为主要亚基类型(分别占45.46%和39.77%);Glu-D1位点上有5+10、2+12、3+12和2+11四种类型,其中2+12亚基的频率高达59.09%;88份小麦品种(系)的亚基组合类型共有25种,其中主要亚基组合为"Null,7+8,2+12",占17.05%。通过对比新疆育成小麦品种和自育品系的优质亚基出现频率发现,品系中优质亚基1、14+15和5+10出现频率较育成品种有所增长,2*、7+8、17+18优质亚基的出现频率下降。在参试材料中,32个含有5+10优质亚基,有21个含有1亚基,6个含2*亚基,1个含14+15亚基,1个含17+18亚基,并有两个材料检测出优质亚基组合类型("2*、17+18、5+10","1、7+8、5+10")。【结论】这些优异种质资源可供优质小麦育种利用。

【Objective】The high-molecular-weight gluten subunits（HMW-GS）of 【Method】88 wheat cultivars were analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE in order to make good use of crop germplasms resource of Xinjiang,【Result】a total of 15 HMW-GS pattern were identified.At Glu-A1 loci,3 alleles were detected,which encoded subunit 1,2＊ and Null respectively and the major subunit was Null with the 57.96.At Glu-B1 loci,8 alleles were detected,which encoded subunits 7＋8,7＋9,6＋8,14＋15,17＋18,7,8 and20,7＋8 and 7＋9 were the major subunit patterns（45.46%,39.77%）.4 alleles encoded subunits 5＋10,2＋12,3＋12 and 2＋11respectively were detected at Glu-D1 loci and 2＋12 was the major subunit pattern（59.09%）.There were 25 subunits combination patterns in wheat cultivars from Xinjiang wheat and the major pattern was＂Null,7＋8,2＋12＂with the frequency of 17.05.The frequency of high-quality HMW-GS（1,14＋15,5＋10） of strains was risen compared with early phase varieties,and the appearance rate of high-quality from other varielies （2＊,7＋8,17＋18） fell off to some extent.Among 88 wheat germplasm,32 carried 5＋10 high-quality subunits,21 of that had 1 subunits,6 of that had 2＊ subunits,1 of that had 14＋15 subunits,1 of that had 17＋18 subunits,and 2 of that had high quality subunits combinations（2＊,17＋18,5＋10,1,7＋8,5＋10）,【Conclusion】these crop germplasms were utilized in wheat quality breeding.