我国农业害虫综合防治研究现状与展望

Advance in integrated pest management of crops in China

害虫综合防治作为农业生产的一项重要策略,在农业可持续发展中具有举足轻重的作用。近年来,针对我国害虫防治所存在的技术需求,科技部等部门先后通过973计划、863计划、科技支撑计划和农业行业专项等对重要害虫防治研究立项支持。通过这些项目的实施,我国建成了一支由国家和省级科研单位和大学组成的专业科研队伍和研究平台,对害虫监测预警技术、基于生物多样性保护利用的生态调控技术、害虫生物防治技术、化学防治技术、抗虫转基因作物利用技术等方面的研究取得了一系列的重要进展,研究建立了棉花、水稻、玉米、小麦和蔬菜等作物重要害虫的综合防治技术体系,并在农业生产中发挥了重要作用。以基因工程和信息技术为代表的第二次农业技术革命的到来,推动了害虫综合防治的理论发展,为害虫综合防治技术的广泛应用提供了新的机遇。地理信息系统、全球定位系统等信息技术和计算机网络技术的应用,提高了对害虫种群监测和预警的能力和水平,转基因抗虫作物的商业化种植等技术的应用显著增强了对害虫种群的区域性调控效率。针对产业结构调整和全球气候变化所带来的害虫新问题,进一步发展IPM新理论与新技术将成为我国农业昆虫学研究的重要方向之一。

Integrated pest management （IPM） in crops is an important strategy for insect pest control, which plays an important role for sustainable agriculture. In order to meet the demand of crop production in China, Chinese government launches a series of scientific programs for insect pest researches during 2006-2010, including 973 Project, 863 Project, the State Key Project and others. Based on these projects, China has established a national and province network which consists of scientist teams and special facilities for insect pest researches in universities and institutes. And many achievements on pest control such as methods and technologies on monitoring and forecasting for outbreaks of major pest insects, ecological management for insect population, biological control, chemical control, and the commercial use of transgenic insect-resistant crops, as well as IPM systems in cotton, rice, corn, wheat, vegetables and other crops, have been established in recent years. The current progress in modern sciences such as biological engineering and information technology is bring a new revolution for agriculture science, which is pushing IPM theory forward and giving a new opportunity for IPM application worldwide. Deployment of GPS, GIS and computer science in pest management is taking pest forecasting work to a high level. Commercialization of insect-resistant genetically modified crops is presenting a great potential for regional control of insect pests. The studies on new theory and technology of crop IPM for resolving the pest problems derived from the changes of crop planting structures and globe climate will become an important area in the coming years.