芝加哥:从传统城市化典型到新型城市化典型

Chicago:A City Exemplifying Both the Traditional Urbanization and Neo-Urbanization

美国第三大城市芝加哥,曾经是以集中发展为主要特征的传统城市化时期的典型城市。进入20世纪后,在郊区长足发展的带动下,相对分散化和多中心格局成为城市发展的主导趋势,即所谓大都市区化或新型城市化,后来居上的洛杉矶成为代表性城市。但是,20世纪中叶以后,芝加哥也完成了从传统城市到新型城市的转变,具备了新型城市化的典型特征,与洛杉矶殊途同归。这种转变在美国和世界范围内,都有典型意义。而且,由于芝加哥在美国城市中所处的显要地位,更增添了这种典型意义的分量。

Being the third largest city in the United States, Chicago was a typical city during the traditional urbanization. However, relatively decentralization and multi - polar model have become dominant pattern of urban development since early of the 20th century, which can be defined as metropolitanization or neo - urbanization, with Los Angeles as the typical city. In the middle of the 20th century, Chicago also transformed from a traditional to a new city, exemplifying the neo - urbanization. Such transformation, although following a divergent path compared with Los Angeles, reflects common trend of urban development in the world.