低温环境下车用启动电机工作特性仿真与结构优化

Operating Characteristics Simulation and Structural Optimization of Vehicle Starter under Low Temperature

建立了永磁同步电机的数学模型,进行了电机的理想空载特性仿真,考察了气隙厚度、永磁体厚度、极弧系数等参数对电机空载特性的影响。采用准牛顿算法对电机的结构参数进行了全局优化,结果表明:当电压不变,温度在30℃到-35℃区间时,随着温度的下降,电机的输出功率、转速、转矩随着电枢电流的增大而增大;当温度不变,电压下降时,电机的输出功率、转速、转矩随着电枢电流的增大而降低;优化后,电机工作效率提高了10%,转速提高了60 r/m in,转矩提高了0.5 N.m,最大功率提高了0.15 kW。

The mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor was established, the ideal no-load character was simulated by Ansoft EM software, the motor parameters such as the thickness of air-gap, permanent magnet and pole-arc coefficient were also inspected, and the structure parameters are optimized by using the Quasi Newton law. The result shows that：when the voltage is constant, and the temperature decreases from 30℃ to -35℃,the starter output torque, speed and power increase with the increase of the armature current ;when temperature is constant, and voltage decreases, starter output torque,speed and power decrease with the increase of the armature current;the electrical efficiency improved by 10% after optimization, and the speed, torque, power of the motor all improved in different degrees.