“中国式”邻避冲突:基于事件的分析

中国城市社会正面临着两大制度变迁挑战,其一是单位制影响的逐渐弱化,其二是伴随着单位制式微而掀起的社区运动,在这两个向度的影响下,城市公共问题及其引发的冲突也越来越多,比如邻避冲突。论文以美景花园反变电站事件为例,运用"动员能力与反动员能力共时态生产"框架,分析并解释了中国式邻避冲突相区别于其他国家(地区)的特殊性。这种特殊性表现在:邻避抗议层级螺旋式提升;邻避行动议题难以拓展;邻避冲突双方无法达成妥协。涉及具体利益诉求的邻避冲突的存在是当代中国城市中的常态,因此重要的问题不是有无冲突,而是能否把这些冲突纳入制度化途径,即建构一种基于"制度缓解"的、恰当的邻避冲突解决机制。

Two institutional changes are posing a serious challenge to Chinese urban society. The first change is that the so-called ＂unit＂ system is loosening its grip on people＇s daily life. The second change is the rising of community campaign along with the diminishing in influence of the ＂unit＂ system. As a result, we are seeing more and more conflicts caused by public issues, and NYMBY conflict is but one of them. Taking the resistance of transformer substation in Meijing Garden as an example, this paper utilizes ＂the synchronicity of mobilizing capacity and counter-mobilizing capacity＂ as the framework to analyze how NYMBY conflicts in China are distinguishable from those in other countries and regions. The distinctive characters of Chinese NYMBY conflicts include the spiral escalation of NYMBY protests, the difficulty for the topic of NYMBY action to be laid out for full discussion, and failure to compromise on both conflicting parties in question. NYMBY conflicts, which are always connected to particular benefit appeals, are a common phenomenon in contemporary Chinese cities. The question, therefore, is not whether there are NYMBY conflicts or not, but how to channel these conflicts into the course of institutional solution. In other words, it is important to construct an adequate NYMBY-solving mechanism characterized by ＂institutional mitigation＂.