环割对金水柑树体生长、树体营养及果实品质的影响

Effects of Ringing on Growth, Nutrition and Fruit Quality of Jinshuigan Ponkan Mandarin

以六年生椪柑(Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.Ponkan)品种金水柑为试材,研究了秋季不同时期(9月、10月、11月)环割对次年金水柑树体生长、树体营养及果实品质的影响。结果表明,秋季侧枝环割处理均明显增加了春梢营养枝的粗度,抑制了春梢营养枝的生长,并且使长/粗比值减小。环割处理显著提高了春梢结果枝和结果母枝的比例,其中9月、10月环割对提高金水柑春梢结果枝比例的作用最强,环割2圈、3圈及对错环剥这3种环割方式效果最明显。通过对金水柑叶片叶绿素含量、干物质含量、可溶性糖含量、游离氨基酸总量、全氮、全碳量和碳氮比的分析发现,不同时期环割均明显降低了金水柑叶片叶绿素含量,显著提高了叶片中干物质、可溶性糖含量,不同程度减少了叶片中游离氨基酸总量和氮的含量,提高了碳氮比。其中10月环割处理的叶片可溶性糖含量较9月、11月环割的含量高,含氮量低,碳氮比增大明显。环割处理明显提高了金水柑的成花坐果率和果实的可溶性固形物含量,其中9月、10月环割提高成花坐果率的效果最好。

The six-year-old Jinshuigan （Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ponkan） were used to study the effects of ringing in September, October and November of autumn on growth, nutrition and fruit quality of Jinshuigan next year. The results showed as follows： Whenever tinging in September, October or November of autumn, monopodial cane wide were obviously increased, while growth of spring sprout was restrained, and the ratio of length/wide was reduced. The proportion of fruiting cane and fruit cane of spring sprout was significantly increased after treated by tinging in autumn. Especially, degree of in- crement on the proportion of fruiting cane was the largest after September or October treatment. Whenever ringing two or three loops or girdling, fruiting cane proportion was increased obviously. Chlorophyll content, dry matter content, soluble sugars, free amino acid amount, total nitrogen and carbohydrate contents and C/N ratio in leaves of Jinshuigan spring sprout were studied, the results were that ringing treatment in autumn could obviously decrease chlorophyll content, and significant- ly increase dry matter content, soluble sugars and C/N ratio in leaves of young Jinshuigan, reduced free amino acid amount and total nitrogen. Compared with September, October and November ringing, soluble sugars content in leaves of October treatment was higher than that of September or November, and total nitrogen content was lower than others. C/N ratio of October treatment was also higher than that of others. After tinging, setting percentage and fruit total soluble solid content of Jinshuigan were obviously increased than the control. And ringing treatment in September and October could increase setting percentage of Jinshuigan better than that in November next year.