广东省首批社区美沙酮维持治疗试点效果评价

Effectiveness evaluation on initial methadone maintenance treatment at community clinics in Guangdong province

目的评价广东省首批社区美沙酮维持治疗(MMT)试点的效果。方法对2006年1月-2008年3月广东省首批社区美沙酮维持治疗试点开诊2年内收治的445名维持治疗者的治疗情况进行动态追踪调查,并对维持治疗效果进行分析。结果445名维持治疗者中有62.70%退出治疗;受治者接受治疗1个月后尿检阳性率为34.02%,治疗1年后尿检阳性率<35.00%;受治者的生存质量均呈现随治疗时间延长而逐渐改善的趋势;>80.00%的受治者获得了艾滋病的预防知识,所有受治者在治疗期间无新发人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染;>80.00%的受治者的社会家庭功能得到改善;吸毒相关的犯罪率由治疗初始时的30.34%下降至1.57%(P<0.001)。结论MMT在减少毒品使用、遏制人类免疫缺陷病毒/艾滋病传播、改善吸毒者生存质量、恢复社会家庭功能和减少犯罪行为方面具有积极作用。

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of initial methadone maintenance treatment （MMT） at community clinics in Guangdong province. Methods A dynamic follow-up investigation was carried out in 445 patients who underwent the initial MMT in Guangdong province since January 2006 to March 2008 and the effectiveness of the maintenance treatment was analyzed. Results During the follow-up period,62. 79% of participants dropped out from the treatment. Nonscheduled urine morphine tests showed a positive rate of 34.02% after one month and 35.00% after one year. The longer the treatment time was, the higher the patients＇ life quality was. More than 〉80. 00% of the participants gained knowledge about AIDS prevention after treatment. No new HIV infected patients were reported among remaining participants. More than 〉80. 00% of the participants achieved improvement in social-family function compared with the baseline data （ 30. 34% ）. Crime rate decreased substantially from 〈30. 34% to 1.57% （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. Conclusion MMT played an active role in reducing drug use, restraining HIV/AIDS transmission, improving drug-users＇ life quality, restoring social-family function and reducing crime.