维特根斯坦的后期哲学和20世纪西方社会科学方法论的发展

Wittgenstein’s Late Philosophy and the Methodological Development of Western Social Sciences in the 20^(th) Century

哲学与社会科学方法论往往交织在一起。20世纪初,实证主义运动和现象学-诠释学运动,分别对社会科学的方法论产生了重大影响。维特根斯坦的后期哲学通过对实证主义和以现象学为立足点的诠释学的彻底批评,为当代社会科学方法论的转型提供了契机。哈贝马斯的交往行为理论可视为维特根斯坦后期有关语用学的思想在社会研究领域中的应用。本文拟宏观地考察这一演变的过程。

Philosophy and the methodology of social sciences are often interweaved. In the early 20th century the positivist movement and the phenomenological-hermeneutical movement respectively had strong impact on the methodologies of the Western social sciences. Wittgenstein’s late philosophy, in which positivism and hermeneutics based on phenomenology were thoroughly criticized, afforded a turning point for the methodological development of the contemporary Western social sciences. Habermas’s theory of communicative action can be regarded as an application of Wittgenstein’s thought concerning pragmatics in the domain of social research, whose dynamic process is the focus of this paper.