海德格尔与道家思想之关系问题新论

A New Interpretation of Heidegger’s Connection with Taoist Thinking

海德格尔与道家思想的关系在中西比较哲学领域中历来是颇受关注的热点问题。笔者主张,应该在海德格尔哲学的基本前提和运思方向的宽广背景及其触及道家经典的具体语境中来对这个难题进行切实的探讨。本文除了评介国际学界的相关研究之外,着重对海德格尔在"语言的本质"中有关"道"的两段讨论以及在"同一性的原则"中对"道"的提及作审慎的解读。这两份文本材料是大多数就海德格尔与道家思想的关系问题作出诸如"道"是海德格尔思想的指引词这样高度肯定的评价的重要依据之一,因而恰切理解它们对于澄清我们所关心的问题具有重要意义。文章通过探究得出的结论是,海德格尔绝对没有毫无保留地赋予道以与道路或本成事件同等的地位,对道的引入,在很大程度上是为了更好地敷陈道路之义。海德格尔思想的指引词是他自创的术语"道路",而不是中国的"道"。

Heidegger’s connection with Taoist thinking has for a long time been a topic in focus in the field of comparative philosophy. The paper holds that its research should cover the broad background of Heidegger’s fundamental presupposition and orientation of thinking as well as the immediate context of Taoist classics. Apart from a review of the relevant international studies, this paper focuses upon Heidegger’s discussion of Tao in his essay The Nature of Language and his reference to Tao in The Principle of Identity. These two pieces of material have been used as the convincing evidence for such a positive conclusion as 'Tao is the guideword of Heidegger’s thinking'. Therefore, a correct understanding of these texts is crucial to answering our question. Through a careful study, the paper concludes that Heidegger does not grant the Chinese Tao the same supreme status as Weg or Ereignis. To a large extent, his reference to Tao serves the purpose of elaborating and elucidating the idea of Weg. The guideword of Heidegger’s thinking is Weg which he coins as a philosophical term.