汶川特大地震灾后社区心理援助的统筹优选模式

The Overall Planning and Optimization Model of the Psychological Assistance in Post-earthquake Wenchuan Community

汶川特大地震使灾区城镇和农村原有的社区基本被破坏甚至毁灭,通过对灾后社区展开问卷调查和访谈,运用SPSS统计分析软件,找出灾后社区心理援助的关键问题。在以人为本的科学发展观的统领下,依据统筹优选的思想与方法,以在最短的时间内投入最少精力,运用最有效的方法取得最佳援助效果为目的,分析灾后社区心理援助的解决思路,构建灾后社区心理援助的基本框架,提出灾后社区心理援助的统筹优选模式。该模式包括灾后心理评估体系和灾后社区心理援助过程2个方面,前者由灾后心理评估和援助效果评估2个部分组成;后者包括初期心理援助、中期心理援助和长期心理援助3个阶段,分别从援助主客体、援助内容和援助方法来进行分析研究,实现对地震灾后社区的心理援助。

Because of Wenehuan earthquake,the original towns and rural communities of the disaster areas were damaged or even destroyed. This paper found out the key issues of community psychological assistance through surveys and interviews in the community and SPSS analysis. Under the guidance of the people-centered scientific concept of development and for the purpose of investing least energy in the shortest time and using the most effective way to achieve the best assistance effectiveness ,this paper constructs the basic framework of post-earthquake of community psychological assistance and proposes the overall planning and optimization model of community psychological assistance. The model includes post-earthquake psychological assessment system and post-disaster psychological assistance. The psychological assessment system includes post-earthquake psychological assess- ment and assistance effectiveness assessment; while the assistance process includes the initial, the medium-term and long-term phases. This research is conducted from the perspective subject and object of assistance,assistance content and method of assistance.