论现代渔业公共政策客体——基于渔业现代化的公共政策客体分析

Modern fishery public policy object

"十二五"时期,现代渔业公共政策不仅要作用于渔业、渔村、渔民,而且要调节或解决产业发展的各类矛盾,才有可能达到政策所要改变的状态——推进渔业现代化。渔业公共政策系统可以划分为政策主体、政策客体、政策组织、政策运行体制、政策咨询、政策信息等6个子系统。现代渔业公共政策客体包括目标群体、现代渔业问题、政策所要改变的状态等。渔民及其它涉渔者构成了目标群体,产业发展的各类矛盾构成了现代渔业问题,渔业、渔民、渔村现代化构成了政策所要改变的状态。推进渔业现代化,必须抓养殖对象良种化、渔业投入品化学化、渔业装备机械化、渔业活动标准化、渔业过程信息化、渔业要素配置和产品营销市场化、渔业布局区域化、渔业生产和组织专业化、渔业经营产业化;推进渔业现代化,必须促进农(渔)民的职业分化、迁移流动,提高农(渔)民的教育水平,内生其现代化动力,增强农(渔)民的科技意识和文化素养,以及民主法制意识、依法维权意识,培养渔民健康文明的生活方式;推进渔业现代化,必须稳定和完善渔区农村水域滩涂使用制度,推进渔区农村发展的产业支撑多元化和工业化,推进渔区农村小城镇建设和渔区城乡一体化建设。

During 12th 5-year period, in order to promote fishery modernization, modern fishery public policy should not only be in the roles of fishery, village and fishermen, but also be in the roles of adjusting or resolving the contradictions in industry development. Modern fishery public policy can be divided into 6 systems of policy main body, policy object, policy structure, policy function system, policy consultation and policy information. Modern fishery object includes： object colony, modern fishery issues and state changed by policy. In order to promote fishery modernization, the following measures should be taken： well-bred, fishery inputs chemization, fishery equip mechanization, fishery function standardization, fishery informationization, fishery elements collocation and products marketization, fishery distribution territorialization, fishery production specialization and fishery management industrialization. In addition, measures should also include： fishermen occupation differentiation, increasing fishermen education level, enhancing fishermen science and technology consciousness and democracy law consciousness, bringing up fishermen＇s healthy and civilized life-style, improving fishery water area use system, promoting diversification and industrialization of fishery supporting system, and construction of township and unified design between the city and countryside.