不同类型玉米品种果穗维管束结构的差异研究

Study on Difference of Ear Vascular Bundles Structure of Different Maize Types

[目的]研究不同类型玉米品种果穗维管束结构的差异。[方法]选用不同株型和穗型的3个玉米高产杂交种掖单4号、掖单13和沈单7号,利用徒手切片技术观察测定穗柄和穗轴内维管束的数目和面积,比较不同类型品种间果穗维管束的结构差异。[结果]在穗柄(轴)大维管束数、总维管束数、单个大维管束的平均面积、大维管束总面积、维管束总面积上,大穗型品种掖单13和沈单7号显著优于小穗型品种掖单4号;在维管束密度及维管束相对面积上,紧凑型品种掖单4号和掖单13大于平展型品种沈单7号;在维管束的输送效率上,掖单13略占优势,但品种间差异不显著。[结论]为今后玉米的高产栽培和品种选育提供理论依据。

Abstract [ Objective I The research aimed to study the difference of ear vascular bundles structure of different maize types. [ Method ] Three three types of maize hybrids were chose as tested materials, namely Yedan 4, Yedan 13, and Shendan 7, corresponding to vertical-small-ear type, vertical-large-ear type and horizontal-large-ear type respectively. The number and area of vascular bundle, phloem and xylem, the num- ber and diameter of vessel were measured using bare-handed sections. The quantity of bleeding sap from ear-stalk and its sucrose content were determined in different treats. [ Result ] The results showed that the number of big vascular bundle and total vascular bundle, the average area of single big vascular bundle, total area of big vascular bundles, total area of all vascular bundles in ear-pedicel （ear-axis） of Yedan 13 and Shendan 7 （large-ear type） were significantly superior to Yedan 4 （small-ear type）. The relative area and density of ear vascular bundle of Yedan 4 and Yedan 13 （ vertical type） were larger than Shendan 7 （ horizontal type）. The vertical -large-ear type Yedan 13 had certain supe- riority on the quantity and transportation rate of bleeding sap from ear-stalk. [ Conclusion] The study can provide the theoretic basis for high yield cultivation and varietv breeding of maize.