药用石斛花粉生活力的研究

Study of Pollen Viability of Medicinal Dendrobium

[目的]探讨药用石斛不同时期、不同贮存时间的花粉生活力。[方法]以玫瑰石斛、鼓槌石斛、细茎石斛和金钗石斛4个药用石斛种为材料,对蕾期、初花期、盛花期和谢花期4个时期,在白天平均温度25℃、夜间平均温度13℃的自然干燥条件下放置1、5、12、24、48h的花粉生活力进行测定。[结果]4个种之间花粉生活力差异不大,均以初花期花粉生活力最强,盛开期次之,蕾期第3,谢花期最低;初花期和盛花期的花粉放置1～48h均有良好的生活力。[结论]该研究为药用石斛人工辅助授粉、有性杂交育种工作的开展提供理论依据。

[ Objective] This experiment was conducted to explore the pollen viability of different duration and storage time of medicinal Dendrobium. [ Method] Dendrobium： crepidatum Lindl. ex Paxt, Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. ,Dendrobium moniliforme （L.）Sw. and Dendrobium nobile Lindl. were used in this study, and the pollen viability in the period of bud bloom time, early bloom time, full bloom time and wither bloom time were measured respectively after the pollen was put for 1,5, 12, 24, 48 h under the situation of the average temperature of 25 ℃ during the daytime and 13 ℃ during nighttime. All the pollen was kept under natural temperature condition. [ Result] There were no big differences between four species for pollen viability. The pollen viability was higher in the plant during the period of the early bloom than that in other three periods. The pollen viability in the full bloom period was the second ,and that of the bud bloom period was the third ,that of the wither bloom period was the minimum. The pollen of early bloom period and full bloom period could keep better viability after placing for 1 -48 h. [ Conclusion] The research provided a theoretical basis for the study of artificial pollination and sexual hybridization breeding on medicinal Dendrobium.