染色体分析技术及其意义

Chromosome analysis technique and its significance

染色体是遗传物质的载体,它具有贮存和传递DNA、控制基因活动和调节基因重组的作用。研究染色体的形态、结构,尤其是带型,是基因定位与基因图谱研究的基础工作。常规细胞遗传学检查能够作为异基因造血干细胞移植后植活的准确依据,定期检查移植后患者的染色体能够动态监测异基因造血干细胞移植后的情况,判断白血病复发的来源。选择性染色体作为微小残留病监测的遗传学标志,对分析嵌合状态预测移植后复发具有重要意义。文章介绍了染色体核型分析技术,染色体显带技术,染色体原位杂交技术3种染色体分析方法,为研究染色体与细胞移植的关系奠定了理论基础。

The chromosome is the carrier of genetic materials. It stores and transmits DNA, controls gene activity and regulates gene reorganization function. The researches on chromosome shape, structure, and banding pattern are foundation of gene mapping research. Conventional cytogenetics detection is regarded as accurate evidence for survival grafts following heterogenous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation; periodical chromosome examination can dynamically monitor status following hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, and judge the cause of leukemia recrudescence. The selective chromosome as genetic marker of minimal residual disease is significant to predict relapse following transplantation at chimerism condition. This article introduced the karyotype analysis technique of chromosome, chromosome banding technique, and in situ chromosomal hybridization, aiminq to lay a foundation for studies on cell transplantation and chromosome.