摘要
The pulmonary veins have been demonstrated to be the major source of atrial fibrillation （AF）. Isolation of the pulmonary veins is effective in curing patients with paroxysmal AE However, this strategy is associated with limited success in some patients with paroxysmal AF and in most patients with persistent and permanent AF It requires more widespread ablation targeting most parts of the left atrial and thoracic veins and may include some discrete sites, which, if missed or neglected, can lead to persistence of fibrillation. In recent years, other AF origins have also been reported in addition to some types of atrial tachycardia and AF originating from the coronary sinus （CS） musculature. The CS appears to be a major element perpetuating persistent AF.
The pulmonary veins have been demonstrated to be the major source of atrial fibrillation （AF）. Isolation of the pulmonary veins is effective in curing patients with paroxysmal AE However, this strategy is associated with limited success in some patients with paroxysmal AF and in most patients with persistent and permanent AF It requires more widespread ablation targeting most parts of the left atrial and thoracic veins and may include some discrete sites, which, if missed or neglected, can lead to persistence of fibrillation. In recent years, other AF origins have also been reported in addition to some types of atrial tachycardia and AF originating from the coronary sinus （CS） musculature. The CS appears to be a major element perpetuating persistent AF.
