明清徽州节烈妇女的孝道、母道和妇道述评

The Filial Ethics,the Mother Duty and the Traditional Woman Ethics of Huizhou Chastity Woman in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清徽州妇女自幼受到妇德教育,许多节烈妇女在丈夫去世后,忍受生理和心理上巨大的苦痛,艰难地支撑起破碎困顿的家庭,在孤寡无依的情境下,克服各种难以想象的困难,承担起众多的家庭义务。她们不仅要侍奉公婆以尽孝道,抚养、教育子息以尽母道,也要为夫归葬并入祠祭祀和处理各种家庭内外事务以尽妇道。她们为自己的家庭,为徽州商业的壮大乃至为徽州社会经济的发展做出的贡献不能忽视。

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou woman received the female virtues education since childhood. Many chastity women endured the huge pain in the physiology and the psychology after the husband died to support the exhausted family. Under the extremely difficult situation, they endured humiliation and overcame difficulties which each kind imagined with difficulty to undertake the numerous family duties. They not only needed to serve the parents - in - law to complete filial ethics, to foster and educate the children to complete mother duty, but also needed to complete traditional woman ethics, such as, to take their husband＇ s skeleton back to bury and make their soul to enter the ancestral hall for sacrificial offering ; Moreover they must do inside and outside each kind of family business. Their difficult and poverty - stricken wasn＇ t we can imagine, they had made the contribution for their family, for the Huizhou commercial strength, and even for the Huizhou social economy＇s development.