长江上游绵阳官司河流域低山丘陵区不同植被类型生物多样性分析

Analysis of Biodiversity in Different Forest Types in Low-mountain and Hilly Areas in the Guansi River Basin of the Upper Changjiang River

本文用多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数)、均度指数(Pielou指数)、丰富度指数(Margalef指数、Menhinick指数)对绵阳官司河流域5种不同的人工林进行生物多样性分析,结果表明:经过植被恢复,各林分类型生物多样性都有所提高,同时水土保持效益也明显提高,土壤侵蚀量减少了42%;在5种植被类型中,乔木层中以针阔混交林的生物多样性最高,灌木层以松柏混交林和麻栎林的生物多样性最高,草本层以松柏混交林的生物多样性最高;5种植被类型中,灌木层地上部分生物量以针阔混交林最大为1 849.37 kg.hm-2,马尾松纯林最小为747.37 kg.hm-2,其大小顺序为:针阔混交林>柏木纯林>栎类林>松柏混交林>马尾松纯林;草本层植物地上部分部总生物量大小顺序为:松柏混交林>柏木纯林>栎类林>针阔混交林>马尾松纯林。

Researches were conducted on the species diversity of five communities in the Guansi River of Mianyang City by diversity index（ Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index） ,evenness index（ Pielou index） and richness index（ Margalef index, Menhinick index）. The results have shown that biodiversity and conservation benefits of soil and water are enhanced because of vegetation restoration, and soil erosion has declined by 42%. Different forest communities exhibit varied biological diversity. The tree layer in conifer- ous and broadleaf mixed forests has the highest biological diversity, the shrub layer in Pinus massoniana and Cupressus mixed stand and Quercus acutissima forest have the highest biodiversity, and the herb layer in Pirtus rnassoniana and Cupressus mixed stand has the highest biodiversity. The maximal biomass of aeri- al part on the shrub layer is the mixed broadleaf-eonifer forest, being 1 849.37 kg·hm^-2, and the biomass of the Pinus massniana forest is the least, being 747.37 kg·hm^-2. The order of biomass on the shrub layer is broadleaf-conifer mixed forest 〉 cypress forest 〉 oak forest 〉 pine and cypress mixed forest 〉 Pinus massniana forest. The order of biomass on the herb layer is pine and cypress mixed forest 〉 cypress forest 〉 oak forest 〉 broadleaf-conifer mixed forest 〉 Pinus massniana forest.