集团诉讼在德国:“异类”抑或“蓝本”?

Class Action in Germany:curiosity or paragon?

德国学者关于美国集团诉讼的研究始于1970年代初期。这类研究在1970—1980年代主要集中在消费者保护领域,在1990年代,则主要集中在大规模侵害领域。进入21世纪,德国法学家提出了一系列系统改革德国群体性诉讼制度的立法建议,其中的某些内容已经被最新立法所采纳。可以肯定的是,虽然德国法学界一直拒绝在德国引入集团诉讼,但德国群体诉讼制度的发展其实已经受到了集团诉讼的影响。对于德国法学家来说,集团诉讼是异类,也是蓝本。

German Scholars' researches on American class action,which began at the beginning of 1970s,were mainly concentrated in the protection of consumers in the 1970—1980s,and then in the legal remedy for mass damages in the 1990s.Based on the criticisms on the American class actions,the German jurists proposed a series systemic reform suggestion about the German collective litigation in the beginning years of 21-centurt,some of which have been accepted in the current legislation.It is to conclude that,although German jurists continuously rejected to introduce the class action system in the passed 30 years,the development of German collective litigation had been strongly affected by the class action system.For the German jurists,Class action system is a curiosity,as well as a paragon.