高考制度变迁的新制度经济学分析

The New System Economic Analysis on the Reformation of the College Entrance Examination System

高考制度是公共产品，它产生和存在的根本原因在于交易费用的存在。高考制度改革的动力来源于经济环境变革下的利益主体获取更多收益的要求，相关利益主体基于自身利益的考虑，各怀不同的动机、偏好、目的，在竞争与合作的博弈中最终实现高考制度的变革。利用体制外因素的示范和带动作用，使外部效益内部化，降低和分散高考制度变迁的成本，发挥路径依赖的积极作用，最终使高考制度达到“帕累托最优”的制度均衡。

The system of college entrance examination is the public product, the basic reason of its producing and existing lies in existence of the transaction costs. The power of the college entrance examination system reform originates that the benefit main body gain more income requests under the transformation of economic environment, the related benefit main body have different motive, the goal, in consideration of their benefits, and realize the transformation of the college entrance examination system finally in fighting between competition and cooperation. Should make use of the demonstration and leading, make the exterior benefit internalization, reduce and disperse the cost of the college entrance examination system vicissitude, display the positive role of way dependence, and enable the college entrance examination system achieve the system balance of the ＂Pareto is most superior＂ finally.