契丹開國年代問題——立足於史源學的考察

Issue on the Founding Time of Khitan State:In the Light of Historical Origin Study

关于契丹开国年代，在北朝文献系统和中土文献系统中存在诸多不同记载：既有《辽史》的开平元年说，又有《契丹国志》的神册元年说，还有早至9世纪末，晚至五代梁、唐之际的种种说法，甚至有认为耶律阿保机始终未曾采用中国皇帝名号者。虽然今天辽史学界的认识已经基本趋于统一，普遍认为辽太祖称帝建国应在神册元年，但对于这一结论的来龙去脉却从来无人予以深究。本文从史源学的角度对此问题进行较为系统的考察，以期弄清契丹开国史的基本线索。

Concerning the founding time of Khitan state, lots of divergent records exist in the literature recording system of Northern Dynasty and Central China. For instance, Liaoshi(《遼史》) insists that Khitan state was built up in the first year of Kaiping, Qidanguoshi(《契丹國志》) claims in the first year of Shence, some documents say that the beginning time was as early as the end of 9th century, and some express as late as the turn from Later Liang to Later Tang. Several historians even hold the opinion that Yeh-lü A-pao-chi had never adopted Central China’s title of Emperor. Nowadays the cognition by and large tends to be unanimous among the Liao history academic circle, namely supporting that it was in the first year of Shence that Taizu took up an appointment of Emperor and established the Liao Dynasty, however no scholar have intensively studied the cause and effect of this result. This paper aims at making a systematic research on this issue from the perspective of historical origin study with the expectation of clarifying the basic clue of Khitan’s pioneering history.