苹果优良矮化砧木77-34主要特性

Characteristics of Apple Advanced Dwarf Rootstock 77-34

辽宁省果树研究所选育出的苹果矮化砧木77-34,矮化性能与M7相近,属于半矮化砧木。用77-34与山定子、海棠、国光、富士等品种嫁接,成活率都在90%以上,尚未发现劈裂、折断、树体早衰等不亲和现象,有很好的亲和力。以77-34做中间砧的苹果树3a开始结果,6a进入盛果期,产量高于对照M7及M26为中间砧的树。77-34有较好的生根性能。组培生根率为87%～90%,略低于M26。77-34有比M26砧木更强的抗寒能力。在1月份平均气温达-16.2℃以上的地区均能露地安全越冬,用枝条电导法测定该砧木休眠枝条的半致死低温达-53℃。77-34在长江以北(北纬35°～45°)的广阔的地域,均能正常生长发育,显示出对自然条件很强的适应能力。

Dwarf apple rootstock 77-34 bred in Liaoning Institute of Pomolgy is semi-dwarf rootstock with dwarfness similar to M7. Grafted with Malus baccata Borkh.M. microma Lus, Ralls, Fuji, survival rate could reach above 90 % without problem of incompatibility like splitting, breaking and early death. Being middle-stock, apple trees start to bear fruit at three years old, produce considerate crop at 6 year old, yields were higher than trees with M7 and M26 as middle-stocks.77-34 performs well in rooting and rooting rates in tissue culture range between 87%-90% slightly lower than M2,6. Its cold resistance was better than M26 either and it can live safely in the areas with January average temperature above -16.2℃. Its semilethal temperature was as low as -53℃. 77-34 was adapted to growing in wide range of climatic conditions and can grow in extensive areas north along to Yangtze River.