北京科技人员心血管病卫生知识、态度及行为调查

Knowledge,Attitude and Behavior Relevant to Cardiovascular Disease in an Intellectual Population of Beijing,China

目的：研究科技人员对心血管病的卫生知识、态度和行为的现状，以便进行有针对性的健康教育。方法：对北京地区中国科学院系统的１２０００名科技人员进行了心血管病卫生知识、态度和行为的现况调查。结果：①心血管病卫生知识方面除高血压的诊断标准和食盐推荐摄入量等问题外，科技人员对心血管病卫生知识的正确回答率一般都在８０％以上，绝大部分问题的正确回答率都是女性高于男性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。②有些心血管病的态度和行为不利于心血管病的防治，特别是男性，男性经常吸烟和饮酒人数比例仍高达３６．７％和２６．９％，明显高于女性（Ｐ＜０．０１），但女性体育锻炼较男性少（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在应该戒烟、减少饮酒、减少食盐摄入量和愿意改变不利于健康的性格方面，女性的正确态度率明显高于男性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：虽然科技人员对心血管病卫生知识的正确认识率较高，尤其是女性，但仍有１０％～１５％人员尚未正确认识心血管病的主要危险因素，有些心血管病的态度和行为也不利于心血管病的防治，尤其是男性，因而有必要在科技人员中开展普及深入的健康教育。

Objective:To assess knowledge,attitude and behavior status relevant to cardiovascular diseases in an intellectual population of Beijing in 1995.Method:A cross sectional survey was performed in 12 000 subjects from Chinese Academy of Sciences.Results:①Except for diagnosis standard of hypertension and recommendation standard of salt intake,intellectuals knew over 80% the knowledge on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.The females knew these knowledge better than males( P <0 01).②Though intellectuals generally had good knowledge of heart health,some attitudes and behaviors of them were not appropriated for prevention of cardiovascular diseases,especially for male.Prevalence rates of smoking and alcohol drinking for male were 36 7% and 26 9% respectively,much higher than in female( P <0 01).Physical activity and training in female was less than in males ( P <0 01).However,it was higher in females than in males that rates of correct attitudes towards smoking cessation,salt and alcohol restriction( P <0 01).Female intellectuals were more intended to acquire health knowledge,modify their attitudes and their unhealthy behaviors to prevent from cardiovascular diseases.Conclusion:Although intellectuals generally had a good background of heart health,especially for females,10%～15% of all subjects lacked the knowledge relevant to prevention of cardiovascular diseases.These suggested it is also necessary to carry out health education in intellectuals of China.