用西瓜叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数鉴定西瓜染色体倍性

Identifying chromosome ploidy by the number of stomatal guard cell chloroplast in watermelon

为了寻求简便、快速的西瓜染色体倍性鉴定方法,以二倍体西瓜TS和0517及其同源四倍体为试材,通过观察叶片气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数来鉴定西瓜染色体倍性.结果表明,两倍性间的叶绿体数差异显著.二倍体叶绿体数在15个以下,四倍体叶绿体数大于等于15个;气孔叶绿体数随染色体倍性的增加而增加,用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体数预测植株倍性的准确率可达90.2%,因此,用万能荧光显微镜观察叶绿体数可以在苗期快速、准确地确定植株的染色体倍性.

In order to seek a simple and rapid method of determinating the ploidy level of chromosome in watermelon, the chloroplasts number of stomatal guard cell in two diploid cultivars, TS and 0517 its autotetraploid were observered. The result showed that the chloroplast numbers among different ploidy had obvious diversities. The plant was diploid when the number of chloroplast in stomata guard cell was less than 15, otherwise it was tetraploid. The ploidy identification by counting chloroplast number of stoma guard cell was highly reliable, with an average accurate rate of 90.2%, the large the number of chloroplast, the higher the ploidy level showing that measurement of the number of stoma chloroplast in guard cell by universal fluorescence microscope could be considered as a fast and accurate method to determine the diploid or tetraploidy of watermelon in seedling stage.