马克思哲学传统理解范式的反思与超越

Reflecting upon Traditional Paradigms for Understanding Marx' Philosophy and Going Beyond

马克思哲学在中国的传播和发展进程中,在取得重大理论创新的同时也在人们的深层思想意识中积淀了预成论、决定论、历史目的论和历史经验论等理解马克思哲学的传统范式。历史地解读经典作家思想发生和发展的过程可以发现,马克思哲学是基于现实物质实践基础的生成发展智慧,不是外在于现实历史进程的预成论思维;是"改变世界"的历史实践哲学,不是历史决定论;是"现实的个人"能动解放的理论,不是历史目的论;是历史本质论,不是历史经验论。确立正确的理解范式是把握马克思哲学基本精神的关键,因此需要使马克思哲学传统理解范式实现自我超越和升华,这是关涉马克思哲学能否有效走向当代的重大课题。

It is pivotal to have a right paradigm to grasp the essence of Marx' philosophy.While many great theoretical innovations have been generated,the localization of Marxism in China has also brought forth in people's mentality such traditional paradigms for understanding Marxism as that of pre-formation,of determinism,of historical teleology and of historical empiricism.An understanding in a historical context may well prove that Marx' philosophy is a developmental theory based on the materialistic reality and practice,rather than on an unhistorical pre-formation model;it is a historical philosophy of praxis,aiming at 'changing the world',rather than kind of historical determinism;it is a theory of actively liberating every living individual,rather than a historical teleology;and it is historical essentialism,rather than historical empiricism.That is why going beyond the traditional paradigms of understanding Marx' philosophy is not only a preliminary theoretical necessity for a holistic view of it,but also a serious issue concerning its existence in today's society.