法国信息自由保护的立法与实践

Protecting FOI in France:Legislation and Practice

信息自由在法国被认为是一项宪法原则。1978年,法国制定了关于保护公民自由获取行政文件的法律,成为信息自由的基本立法。2005年,该法增加了公共信息再利用的内容,使信息的自由获取与利用成为信息自由原则中两个不可分割的方面。实践中,获取行政文件委员会作为一个特殊的独立行政机构,在司法诉讼之外,针对公民与行政机关之间就获取行政文件和再利用公共信息问题发生的争议与分歧,提供了一条独特的解决途径;同时,该委员会对完善信息自由的立法,提高行政机关的透明度,以及促进公民信息权利的保护发挥了重要的作用。

Freedom of information (FOI) is constitutional in France,which,in 1978,passed a law to guarantee any citizen's access to administrative documents.In 2005,the 1978 law was amended,with contents of reutilization of public information being added,and making free access and reutilization two inseparable aspects of FOI.In practice,as an independent administrative body,the Commission of Free Access to Administrative Documents provides solution,other than litigation,to disputes and divergences between citizens and administrative units in the affair of the access to administrative documents and reutilization of public information.The Commission is a great contribution to the improvement of FOI legislation,an enhancement of the administration openness,and a facilitation of citizens' FOI protection.