魏晋神仙道教中的儒道关系论——以《抱朴子·内篇》为中心

On the Relationship between Confucianism and Taoism in WeiJin's Celestial Taoism——Focusing on Baopuzi Inner Chapters

神仙道教是魏晋时期独特的道教形式,其理论奠基者是东晋的葛洪。《抱朴子·内篇》多处论及儒道关系,为我们了解魏晋时期神仙道教的儒道关系论提供了基本的线索。葛洪通过对儒道的比较,论证了道本儒末,道先儒后,道简儒难,故可离俗世而求神仙。同时,葛洪还一再强调积善立功的重要性,将道教的长生成仙与儒家的内圣外王统一起来,把儒家的忠孝仁信纳入道教戒律,按儒家的伦理纲常建构起道教的神仙体系。葛洪会通儒家和道教的思想,不仅是魏晋时期神仙道教关于儒佛关系论的一大总结,也对南北朝的道教改革产生了重要影响。

The Celestial Taoism,theoretically founded by Gehong,was the unique form of Taoism during Wei-Jin dynasties. In Baopuzi Inner Chapters,Gehong discussed comprehensively about the relationship between Confucianism and Taoism,which provided us a basic clue to the Taoists' attitude towards the Confucianism. Although Gehong tried to prove that Taoism was superior to Confucianism,he combined the religious faith of longevity or immortality of Taoism with the moral principles of Confucianism. And this theory made a significant impact on the Taoist reforms during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.