兰州市城区室内蜚蠊生态学调查及防制策略

Ecology investigation of cockroach in Lanzhou and its control strategy

目的了解兰州市城区室内蜚蠊的生态学状况,为制定相应的防制措施提供依据。方法采用粘捕法。结果兰州市城区室内蜚蠊以德国小蠊为优势种。蜚蠊密度消长与同期的平均气温之间存在着高度正相关性。平均侵害率为22.87%。受侵害最严重的是宾馆行业,侵害率达48.93%。2007年与2005年相比,在不同生境中,医院和居民住宅的蜚蠊密度和侵害率变化较大,其中医院蜚蠊密度和侵害率分别上升了100倍和12.76倍;居民住宅密度和侵害率分别上升了1.48倍和0.82倍;新城区蜚蠊密度及侵害率分别上升了2.60倍和0.72倍。2007年新城区蜚蠊密度及侵害率分别是老城区的1.90倍和1.57倍。结论兰州市应根据蜚蠊密度季节消长特点采取综合防制措施,以环境治理为主,同时使用物理、化学、生物的方法控制蜚蠊密度。防制的重点应是宾馆行业、居民住宅和餐饮行业等。各种生境中,蜚蠊防制的主要对象应以德国小蠊为主,同时兼顾美洲大蠊和日本大蠊。城市化建设和发展过程中应将蜚蠊等病媒生物的防制纳入其中。积极开展健康教育活动,提高民众卫生防病意识。加强蜚蠊密度、种群动态和抗药性监测,根据监测资料,适时制定或调整防制技术和策略。

Objective To understand the ecological situation of cockroaches indoor in Lanzhou city, and to provide reference for its control. Methods Sticky paper method was used in this study. Results Blattella germanica was the dominant species. The seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density had high positive correlation with average temperature of the same period. The infestation rate was 22.87%. The infestation of cockroach in hotel was the most serious, and the infestation rate was 48.93%. Compared to 2005, the infestation of cockroach in hospital and residential areas changed largely in 2007. The cockroach density and its infestation in hospital increased 100 times and 12.76 times, respectively. In residential areas, it was 1.48 times and 0.82 times, respectively. That in new urban areas increased 2.60 times and 0.72 times, which were 1.90 times and 1.57 times of that in old uyban areas respectively. Conclusion The integrated control measure should be taken according to the seasonal fluctuation of cockroach density in Lanzhou. It should put the emphasis on the environment management, plus physical control, chemical control and biological control. It should strengthen the control of cockroach in hotel, residential areas and restaurant, especially the control of Blattella germanica. It should carry out the public education and increase public awareness of disease prevention. At the same time, strengthen the surveillance of density, population dynamics and resistance, and work out timely the control measure according to monitoring data.