专项力量训练的若干问题研究

Investigation of Specific Strength Training

运用文献资料法、特尔菲法、运动生物力学测量方法和数理统计等方法,对专项力量训练的机理不同项群部分项目专项力量特点、不同水平男子跳远运动员专项力量训练特点等问题进行了研究。结果表明:专项力量训练时,首先要确定目标运动的专项化神经肌肉特征,再去安排用以提高专项力量的各种抗阻力练习;体能类项目可以采用运动生物力学中的运动学和动力学联合测试的方法进行专项力量特点研究,而技能类项目在对运动员完成专项技术动作的部分肌群的力量进行肌力特征评定的基础上,找出一般运动员与优秀运动员在力量成分上的差异,进而深入分析专项最需要的力量成分的实际训练水平;不同水平男子跳远运动员的专项力量训练在手段的选择、负荷的确定等方面具有各自的特异性。

Using methods of literature review, Delphi Technique, biomeehanieal measures, and statistical analysis, we investigated the specific strength training in terms of its mechanism, the characteristics of different event groups, as well as the training feature for long jump male athletes at different levels. The results indicated that the specific strength training requires the determination of the specific neuromuscular characteristics before the design of the resistance training program. While the fitness-oriented events require the biomechanical measures and analysis of dynamics, the technique-oriented events require the evaluation of the specific muscular features based on the specific skill and the skill level so that the most relevant strength component can be revealed. As a result, the specific strength training for different level of long jump male athletes should vary in selection of means and load.