血液病患者医院感染的特点与护理对策

The characteristics and nursing strategy of blood patient with nosocomial infection

目的分析血液病患者医院感染的特点及危险因素,探讨预防和控制感染的护理对策。方法对4年来我院诊治的961例血液病住院患者中发生医院感染的159例进行回顾性分析。结果血液系统疾病的医院感染发生率为16.5%,其中急性非淋巴细胞性白血病感染发生率最高(21.6%),其次是急性淋巴细胞性白血病(19.6%)、淋巴瘤(19.1%)。血液病发生医院感染与患者年龄、疾病类型、住院时间等因素具有直接相关性,而与患者的性别因素无直接相关性。全方位的护理措施可降低医院感染的发生。全方位的护理措施可降低医院感染的发生。结论及时准确地确诊血液系统疾病,对症治疗原发病,合理使用广谱抗生素,改善患者的住院条件,加强和完善系统化护理是预防和降低血液病患者发生医院感染的主要措施。

Objective： To analyze the blood patients characteristics of the hospital infection with risk factors.Inquiry was made into the prevention and control of infection in nursing measurements.Methods： The 159 cases with nosocomial infection in 961 blood patients in our hospital over the past four years was analyzed retrospectively.Results： Blood system diseased nosocomial infection rate was 16.5%.The highest rate of infection in acute non-lymphocytic leukemia（21.6%）,followed by acute lymphoblastic leukemia（19.6%） and lymphoma（19.1%）.Blood disease in patients with nosocomial infection was associated with age,disease type and length of stay in hospital,etc.Blood disease in patients with nosocomial infection was not associated with the gender factor.All-round nursing care can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.Conclusion： Timely and accurate diagnosis of blood disorders,symptomatic treatment of primary disease,the rational use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,improvement hospital conditions for patients and strengthening and improving the systematic care can prevent and reduce the occurrence of blood in patients of hospital infection.