宋代士人改字及其社会文化分析

A Cultural Analysis of the Scholars’ Changing Words In the Song Dynasty

古人有名亦有字。相对于名而言,字蕴涵着更为丰富的社会文化内涵。宋代士人认为,字不仅是其命运前途的彰显,而且是其士人身份的重要标识。故而,宋代士人重字贵字并对字提出了较高的文化要求,士人改字遂成为一种社会风尚。改字的原因,或为避讳、或为迷信、或为审美情趣、或为勉学、或为道德训诫。改字这一社会现象最主要体现了士人对其身份的认同,这同时也反映了宋代社会流动性加强背景之下社会分层中士人的价值取向。

Chinese ancients have names and words. Words have more social cultural connotation than names. Words indicate scholars future and their identities in the opinion of scholars in Song Dynasty. In this background, scholars in Song Dynasty often changed their words. The reasons include taboos, superstitions, appreciations of beauty, encouragement of studying or moral advisement. It indicates the values trend of scholars in the background of social mobility becoming more and more obvious.