国际法视野下的民间文学艺术保护——兼论主体制度的构建

The Protection of Folklore under the International Law

民间文学艺术的个人作者身份存在不确定性,这引发了是否将其纳入国际知识产权保护体系的争论,即民间文学艺术的知识产权保护面临的最大问题是主体制度的构建。人格正当性理论为该问题的解决提供了理论基石,对民间文学艺术的保护就是对集体人权的保护。因为民间文学艺术是"群体"完成的作品,所以,社群整体是民间文学艺术的权利主体,而非政府或其他个人;相应地,在具体的主体权利行使的制度建设上,可借鉴信托模式来进行。

The uncertainty of personal authorship in folklore has led to the debate about whether it should be included in the international intellectual property system, that is, the greatest obstacle in intellectual property of protecting folklore is constructing subject of right system. Personality legitimacy theory can provide the theoretical base because to protect folklore is to protect collective human rights. Folklore is completed by ＂the collective＂, so it is the collective, not government or other individuals who should be the subject of right; correspondingly, charitable trust model can be adopted in establishing the subjective right exercising system.