氮磷钾和微肥对高肥区夏玉米养分积累、分配及产量的影响

Effect of NPK and microelement fertilizers on nutrient accumulation,distribution and yield of maize on high-fertility soil

采用田间试验方法研究了N、P、K、Zn及Mn肥对高肥区夏玉米产量、植株性状及干物质积累的影响。结果表明,在该试验条件下,土壤N、P、K、Zn、Mn的贡献率分别为91.2%、100.3%、96.3%、99.4%、99.9%。玉米吸收的N、P、Zn主要积累在籽粒中,Mn主要积累在叶片和籽粒中,而K在植株各部位的积累相对均匀。在NPK处理的基础上增施Zn、Mn肥,显著降低了植株对P的吸收,而对产量、植株性状和干物质积累的影响不大。土壤中P、Zn、Mn养分含量较高,完全能够满足夏玉米生长发育的要求。NK处理最为合理经济,有效地改善了玉米穗部和植株性状,平均产量达到9821 kg/hm2。

The effects of yield, plant characters and dry matter accumulation of summer maize with N, P, K, Zn and Mn fertilizer on high-fertility soil were studied. The results showed that relative yield of N, P, K, Zn and Mn respectively was 91.2%, 100. 3%, 96. 3%, 99.4% and 99. 9% on the test soil. N, P and Zn which plant absorbed from soil mainly got into maize seed, Mn mainly got into leaves and seed, K was even in every part compare to them. Based on NPK fertilizers, micro-element fertilizers could significantly reduce P consumption, while the differences of yield, plant characters and dry matter accumulation were not significant between NPKZn （Mn） treatment and NPK treatment. P element and microelement content in soil were enough to satisfy the demand of high yield maize. The ear characters and plant characters of NK treatment were improved effectively. This treatment could obtain very high yield （9 821 kg/hm2 ）. It was the best reasonable and the best economic.