柔道投技中大小刈技术的生物力学分析

The Biomechanical Analysis on Osoto gari of nage waza in Judo

本文以北京体育大学竞技体校8名优秀柔道运动员为研究对象，并把其分为优秀组和普通组各4名，采用生物力学录像解析的方法并结合运动解剖学的基本理论对两组运动员大外刈技术进行量化分析和评价，研究和剖析大外刈技术动作的运动原理和动作结构特征。得出以下结论：①优秀组运动员在技术过程中动作的幅度和速度大于普通组，动作效果较普通组好。②优秀组和普通组在右腿后刈阶段左臂动作存在技术不合理之处：即都是左臂用力后拉对方衣袖，而不是和右臂一起前推对方身体。今后的训练中应对此加以重视和改进。③优秀运动员大外刈技术的工作模式为：运动员左脚上步落在对方的右脚外侧，同时左臂向后拉对方身体，右手抓对方左前领向上提，使自己的身体贴紧对方，胸部挨着对方胸部。然后重心移至左脚，右腿迅速前摆移至对方右腿后，脚尖向斜下，用右腿后部猛切别对方的右腿，身体前倾前压对方上体，同时双手配合用力前推，使对方向后仰卧摔倒。

The traditional Nage waza skill such as Osoto gari is one of the most important skills in judo,which players exercise most,apply most and apt to score easily,our study choose 8 outstand judo players from athletics school of Beijing Sport University as our research object,divide them into outstanding groups and general groups, using Kinematic analysis,combining with theory of sports anatomy to analyze and evaluate the Osoto gari of two groups in judo. According to the research, we get these conclusions： ①The speed and the rate of outstanding groups are bigger than general groups. ②The technology of the outstanding groups and general groups both have the technical unreasonable place：in the right leg backward swinging stage, they pull opponent＇s sleeves backward with their left hands, but not push opponent＇s body with right hands together. ③The best technology of top athletes in Osoto garii is：the left leg gets a stride,the left foot falls on outside of opponent＇ s right foot, simultaneously the left arm pulls backward opponent＇ s body, the right hand grasps opponent＇ s left collar upwardly,lets own body to sympathize opponent＇s body tightly, lets own chest touch opponent＇s chest tighly. Then the center of gravity moves to the left leg, when the right leg moves to the backward of opponent＇s right leg rapidly, let the tip of the toe downward,uses the right leg hit opponent＇s right leg fiercely, bending the body to presse opponent＇s upper body, uses both hands push opponent＇s upper body together simultaneously, then causes opponent to lie down backward.