走向艺术欣赏的现象学心理学

Toward a Phenomenological Psychology of Art Appreciation

艺术体验一直为现象学家所关注,但是至今尚没有人研究过艺术欣赏的表现之中的心理学问题。本文旨在填补这种空缺,根据三次对博物馆参观者的半结构化访谈,以实例表明现象学心理学研究的优点。这些访谈经过了意义压缩,包括对第一次审美接受的描述,回顾式解释,以及与艺术照面产生的"期待视阈"。结果显示,艺术欣赏表现为体验的多样化变形,包括对美的满足体验,对理解力的挑战以及情绪化的身体体验的样式。现象学心理学研究实际的、生活经验的变化形式,可以包容海德格尔和梅洛-庞蒂关于艺术欣赏的现象学理论,突出艺术体验的心理学意义。

Experiences with art have been of longstanding concern for phenornenologists, yet the psychological question of the appearing of art appreciation has not been addressed. This article attends to this lack, exemplifying the merits of a phenomenologieal psychological investigation based on three semistructured interviews conducted with museum visitors. The interviews were subjected to meaning condensation as well as to descriptions of the first aesthetic reception, the retrospective interpretation, and the ＂horizons of expectations＂ included in the meeting with art. The findings show that art appreciation appears as variations in experiential forms comprised of gratifying experiences of beauty, challenges to the understanding, and bodily-informed alterations of the emotions. The phenomenological psychology of actual, lived experience can embrace the phenomenological theories of art appreciation by Heidegger and Merleau-Ponty, yet highlight the psychological importance of experiences with art.