株行距和施肥量对木薯产量及生长的影响

Effect of Planting Density and Fertilization on Yield and Growth of Cassava

采用裂区试验设计方法,研究株行距和施肥量对华南5号木薯产量和生长的影响。结果表明:在本试验株行距和施肥量条件下,施肥量对木薯产量和生长的影响比株行距大。密植(0.6～0.8m)有利于提高淀粉产量、鲜薯产量和鲜薯淀粉含量,以0.8m株行距最佳,而疏植(1.2～1.4m)有利于提高单株薯数、单株鲜薯重、单株鲜茎叶重、收获指数和茎径。施肥有利于提高淀粉产量、鲜薯产量、单株鲜薯重、单株鲜茎叶重、茎径、株高和单株薯数,但降低鲜薯淀粉含量和收获指数。丰产栽培技术要兼顾单位面积株数、单株鲜薯重和鲜薯淀粉含量。建议在土壤肥力差和少施肥时,用0.6m株行距;土壤肥力中等且较高施肥时,采用0.8m株行距;土壤肥力中上且优越水肥管理,采用1.0m株行距。

A split plot design was arranged in Hainan Island, China to observe the yield and growth of cassava cuhivar ＇SC5＇ under different planting densities and various amounts of fertilizers during the periods from 200d to 2005. Fertilization produced larger effect on cassava yield and growth than the planting densities. Higher planting densities（0.6-0.8 m） were advantageous in improving starch yield, fresh root tuber yield and starch content of fresh tuber, with the density of 0.8 m being the best. Low planting density（1.2-1.4 m） increased harvest index, stem diameter, number of tubers, and fresh weight of leaf, stem and tubers per plant. Fertilization improved starch yield, fresh tuber yield, plant height, stem diameter, tuber number, fresh weight of leaf, stem and tuber per plant, but decreased starch content of fresh tuber and harvest index. High yielding cultural practice should include plants per ha, fresh tuber weight per plant and starch content of fresh tuber. It is suggested that the low branching cassava cuhivar ＇SC5＇ be planted at a space of 0.6 m in poor soil with lower rate of fertilizer application, at 0.8 m in moderately fertile soil with higher fertilization rate, or at 1.0 m in fertile soil under very high water and fertilizer management.