稻草循环利用后的废弃物在油菜上的应用效果研究

Application Effect of Recycling Wastes of Straw on Rape Planting

通过田间试验,选取了稻草循环利用后的废弃物菌渣、沼渣及菌渣沼渣混合堆沤后,作为有机肥替代部分无机化肥应用于油菜种植,研究了3种有机废弃物对油菜田土壤理化性质、油菜籽产量、经济效益及环境效益的影响。结果表明:3种有机废弃物均在一定程度上改善土壤物理性质,提高土壤有机质和水解性氮含量,但供磷、钾水平较差;施用3种有机废弃物能替代部分化肥,减少无机氮、磷、钾特别是磷、钾肥的用量,减少肥料投入成本,增加收入,且能降低环境污染,具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。

The recycling wastes of straw, which including mushroom residues, biogas residues and the fermentation products of the above two, were selected through field experiment and applied to rape planting to instead of partial inorganic fertilizer. The effects of three organic fertilizers on soil physical and chemical properties of rape field, yield of rape seed, economic benefit and environmental benefit were researched in this paper. The results indicated that these three wastes all could improve soil physical characteristics and increase content of organic matter and hydrolyzable nitrogen in a certain degree, but the level of supplying phosphorus and potassium was worse. These three wastes have great economic benefit and environmental benefit for the reasons that they could instead of partial chemical fertilizer, reduce the applying amount of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, especially the applying amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, reduce the cost of fertilizer input, increase income and decrease the pollution of environment.