我国三城市老年妇女膳食植物甾醇摄人量与血脂含量的关系

Comparison of the dietary phytosterols intake and serum lipids content in elderly women from three cities of China

目的对我国3个城市老年妇女膳食植物甾醇的摄入量进行调查，比较其主要膳食来源，初步探讨不同膳食模式下植物甾醇摄人量与血脂含量的关系。方法根据不同膳食结构和特点，选择北京、合肥、乌鲁木齐市为调查点，各调查点选择50岁以上的妇女80～100名，利用2d连续24h回顾法对其膳食进行调查。同时对其膳食调查中所涉及的常见植物食物进行采样，气相色谱法分析食物中植物甾醇的含量（包括β-谷甾醇、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、谷甾烷醇）并计算总植物甾醇含量。在样品分析的基础上，计算被调查者膳食植物甾醇的摄人量并分析其主要来源，同时对被调查者进行体格检查和血液生化指标测定。结果北京、合肥、乌鲁木齐市符合条件的被调查者各有100、101和84名。其中北京和合肥市被调查者膳食植物甾醇的摄入量平均值分别为340．3mg／d和313．5mg／d，主要来源是植物油类和谷类食物；乌鲁木齐市被调查者膳食植物甾醇平均摄入量为550．4mg／d，高于北京和合肥市（t值分别为9．369、10．420，P值均〈0．01），其主要来源为谷类食物（提供总摄入量的53．1％）。血生化指标结果显示，乌鲁木齐市被调查者的血脂血糖含量低于其余2个城市的被调查者，其中血清总胆固醇（TC）含量为（4．04±0．78）mmol／L，低于北京[（4．89±0．91）mmol／L]和合肥市[（4．71±0．83）mmol／L]（t值分别为6．766、5．401，P值均〈0．01）；血清甘油三酯（TG）含量为（1．01±0．48）mmol／L，低于北京[（1．31±0．53）mmol／L]和合肥市[（1．66±0．75）mmol／L]（t值分别为3．343、7．293，P值均〈0．01）；同时乌鲁木齐市被调查者的血糖含量平均值[（5．02±2．18）mmol／L]也低于北京[（5．69±1．53）mmol／L，t=2．561，P〈0．05]和合肥市[（5．78±1．53）mmol／L，t=2．934，P〈0．01]。结论膳食结构不同导致不同地区老年妇女植物甾醇摄入量差别较大，摄入较多的植物甾醇有助于降低老年妇女血脂水平。

Objective To investigate the dietary phytosterol intake of elderly women in three different cities of China, and to compare the main dietary sources, so that to discuss the relationship of dietary phytosterol intake and serum lipids. Methods Based on the dietary pattern,women more than 50 years old from Beijing, Hefei and Urumchi were chosen as testers, 80 - 100 people for each city respectively. The dietary survey was done by continues 24 hours review of two days, the plant food were collected and the phytosterol content （include β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, sitostanol ） were analyzed by GC methods,the total phytosterols content were calculated. The dietary phytosterol intake were calculated and serum lipids were also analyzed in all the testers. Results Testers from Beijing,Hefei and Urumchi were 100,101 and 84 respectively. The average dietary phytosterol intake of people in Beijing and Hefei were 340. 3 mg/d and 313.5 mg/d, the main sources were plant oil and cereals, while the average dietary phytosterol intake of people in Urumchi were 550. 4 mg/d, higher than the other two cities （ t values were 9. 369,10. 420, respectively, both P values 〈 0. 01 ）, the main source in Urumchi was cereal （ provide 53. 1% of the total phytosterol intake ）. The laboratory results showed, testers in Urumchi had significantly lower serum TC content （ （4. 04 ± 0. 78） mmol/L） than that in Beijing （ （4. 89 ±0. 91 ） mmol/L） and Hefei （ （4.71±0. 83 ）mmol/L） （ t value were 6. 766 and 5. 401 respectively, both P values 〈 0. 01 ） ; serum TG content in Urumchi （ （ 1.01± 0. 48 ） mmol/L） was also lower than that in Beijing （ （ 1.31±0. 53 ） mmol/L） and Hefei （ （ 1.66 ±0. 75 ） mmol/L） （ t values were 3. 343 and 7. 293 respectively, both P values 〈 0. 01 ） ; the serum glucose is also lower in testers in Urumchi （ （5.02± 2. 18 ）mmol/L） compared with testers in Beijing （ （5.69 ±1.53 ）mmol/L,t = 2. 561, P 〈 0. 05 ） and Hefei （ （5.78 ± 1.53 ）mmol/L, t = 2. 934, P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion Different dietary pattern result in significantly different dietary phytosterol intake in elder women in three cities, higher, phytosterol intake seemed to contribute to lower serum lipids.