地质微生物对海洋天然气水合物的影响

Influence of Geo-microbes on the Formation of Marine Gas Hydrates

在有天然气水合物产出的海底环境中,甲烷氧化古细菌和硫酸盐还原细菌十分发育,它们主导着海底天然气(主要是甲烷)的缺氧氧化作用,并在海底碳循环和生物种群繁衍中发挥着重要作用。主要评述近年来地质微生物在天然气水合物成因研究中所取得的一些重要进展,同时指出目前需要深入研究的几个问题,如甲烷氧化古细菌和硫酸盐还原菌在沉积物中原位空间分布的特点,甲烷氧化古细菌与硫酸盐还原菌耦合共生的机制,甲烷氧化古细菌的生理生化机理及可能的分子遗传调控对天然气水合物保存的影响等。

In the seabed environments with occurrence and/or output of marine gas hydrates,anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea （MOA） and sulfate-reducing bacteria （SRB） are very prosperous,and they dominate the anoxic oxidation of marine gases （mainly methane）,playing an important role in the carbon cycle and proliferation of biological species.The main purpose of this review paper is to report some recent progresses in geomicrobiological studies on the formation and occurrence of marine gas hydrates.In addition,a few problems that are still waiting for solution are also discussed such as the characteristics of MOA and SRB in situ special distribution in the sediments,the symbiotic coupling mechanism of MOA and SRB,the physiological and biochemical mechanism of MOA as well as probable molecular genetic regulation and control factors on the reservation of gas hydrates.