1Arrow, K J. Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care[ J ]. American Economic Review. 1963,53 (5) :941-973.
2Pauly M V. The economics of moral hazaed : comment[ J ]. American E-conomic Review, 1968,58:531-537.
3Bakker F M , et al. Deductibles in health insurance: Can the actuarially fair premium reduction exceed the deductible [J]. Health Policy, 2000,53 : 125-143.
4Rice T. The effect off HMOs on premiums in employment - based health Plans [ J ]. Health Service Research. 1992,27 ( 6 ) : 799-811.
5Feldman R , Down B & Cifford C. Containing health care costs in the United States[ J]. Medical Care Review. 1993,49 ( 1 ) : 19-65.
6Blum M. Spell, Workplace characteristics and health care cost contain-ment practice[ J]. Journal of Management. 1996,22 (5) :675-701.
7Shen Y , Ellis R P. Cost-minimizing risk adjustment [ J ]. Journal of Health Economics, 2002,21 (3) :515-530.
8Samuealson P A, Nordhaus W D. Economics [ M ]. The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 1998.16th Ed. 359-365.
9Ma A C , Riordan M H. Insurance,moral hazard,and managed care [ J ]. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy ,2002,11(1) :81-107.