儿童鼻咽部气道狭窄的多层螺旋CT表现

Multiple slice CT evaluation of narrow nasopharyngeal in oral breathing children

目的利用低荆量多层螺旋CT（MSCT）儿童序列及多平面重组（MPR）技术探索儿童鼻咽部气道狭窄的CT征像。方法收集鼻及鼻咽62例3～14岁患儿临床资料及CT表现，将其中31例主要表现为张口呼吸，手术证实有腺样体肥大者设为狭窄组；另31例鼻出血或鼻部外伤儿童，CT平扫未发现器质性病变者设为对照组。在横断住、冠状住、矢状位观察鼻咽部形态学特点，并在正中矢状住测量狭窄组及对照组鼻咽部A值、N值，计算A／N值。结果狭窄组正中矢状位鼻咽部气道后缘呈锯齿状或小丘状，A值均数为（14．37±3．5）mm，N值为（19．3±3．9）mm，A／N值〉0．7；对照组正中矢状位鼻咽部气道后缘光整，鼻咽腔呈弓向上的镰刀形，周围脂肪间隙清晰，A值均数为（9．23±4．85）mm，N值为（20．6±3．5）mm；A／N值范围为0．2～0．6。两组A值均数具有显著性差异。结论儿童鼻咽部气道狭窄者在正中矢状位上气道后缘呈锯齿状、小丘状，A／N值〉0．7。

Objective To investigate volume and form of narrow nasopharyngeal airway of children by MPR of multiple slice CT. Methods The present study was involved in 62 patients with narrow nasopharyngeal airway. The patients were divided into two groups, including the patients with obstructive sleep apneahypopnea syndrome （OSAS） and the control. Nasopharyngeal upper tissue thickness （A） and nasopharyngeal sagittal midiine （N） and adenoidal - nasopha-ryngeal ratio （A/N） were analyzed. Results A, N and A/N of OSAS group were 14.37±3.2mm, 19 3±3.7ram and 〉 7, respectively. A, N and A/N of the control were 9.23：k4.85mm, 20.6±3.5ram and 40. 6, respectively. A of the two groups was different from each other. Conclusion Nasopharyngeal airway of OSAS looks like sickle or hill on sagittal midline with CT imaging,, A/N〉7,