新生儿医院感染和抗生素应用的调查分析

Analysis of hospital infection and antibiotic usage in neonates

目的为探讨新生儿医院感染和抗生素应用之间的关系。方法对我院１９９６年１～１２月在新生儿内科、外科和ＮＩＣＵ住院的５５２份病历医院感染及抗生素使用情况进行了调查分析。结果本组新生儿医院感染率１６．１％，高于我院平均医院感染率（１２．８４％）。感染部位主要为口腔、脐部、结膜、皮肤、呼吸道和消化道。新生儿医院感染主要病原菌为表皮葡萄球菌、不动杆菌和白色念珠菌。抗生素使用治疗用药为６６．４％，预防用药为３３．６％。滥用抗生素，必然产生细菌耐药和导致菌群失调，促使耐药细菌和真菌积聚而发生感染。结论应根据病原学和药敏学首先选用窄谱抗生素，减少广谱抗生素的使用，提倡尽量应用一种抗生素治疗，减少抗生素联合用药。

OBJECTIVE In order to investigate the relationship between neonatal hosiptal infections and antibiotic usage were studied. METHOD In this article, the statue of hospital infection and antibiotic usage of 522 cases gained from neonatal medical ward, surgical ward and NICU during 12 months (1996.1～12) were analysed. RESULTS The results showed that the rate of hospital infection (RHI) in neonates was 16.1%, which was higher than mean RHI in hospital (12.84%). the infections were lcoated in mouth, umbilicus, conjunctiva, skin, respiratory tract and digestive tract. The etiological examination revealed that the major pathogens of hospital infection of newborns were Staphylococcus epidermidis, Amotile bacterium and Endomyces albicans. All the paients investigated were administered antibiotics during hospitalized (via vena), among them theraputic administration accounted for 66.4%, and prophylactic administration was 33.6%. CONCLUSION From this study, we should get the vicw that decrease the application of wide spectrum antibiotics would reduce the risk of hospital infection.