新形势下中国城市交通发展环境变化与可持续发展

Urban Transportation Development in China:Evolving Environment vs. Sustainable Development in a New Situation

从城市发展受到的制约、城市空间结构调整、城市人口阶层分化等方面,分析我国城市交通发展环境的变化。阐述当前城市交通出行特征和交通运行状况,指出由于出行需求膨胀、交通拥堵加剧,导致城市与交通可持续发展面临巨大挑战。在此背景下,介绍了国家层面以及各城市政府制定的一系列促进城市与交通可持续发展的政策措施,包括优先发展公共交通、机动车排放管理、协调交通与土地利用、进行交通体制与机制改革等。以北京、上海、天津为例,阐述特大城市的绿色交通行动、交通可持续发展政策的制定与实施。

This paper discusses the evolving environment for urban transportation development in China in terms of urban development constraints, spatial structure adjustment, and population group segregation. Through an analysis of travel characteristics and traffic operations in China, the author points out that a travel demand increase plus a worsening of traffic congestion results in huge challenges in urban and transportation sustainable developments. Given the above situation, the paper introduces an array of policies and strategies adopted by the central and local municipal governments to promote urban and transportation sustainable developments, including transit priority, vehicle emission management, transportation and land use coordination, and institutional and organizational reforms in transportation agencies. Finally, the paper illustrates some on-going activities of green transportation, as well as the formulation and imple- mentation of sustainable transportation development policies in Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.