高温堆肥保氮菌剂的制备

Breeding of Thermophilic Bacterial Community for Control Nitrogen Losses During Composting

含氮量较高的物质在堆肥过程中常伴有氮损失，这不仅会造成营养元素的流失，还会导致周边环境的污染。目前针对堆肥氮损失控制的复合微生物菌剂的开发与研制还较少见。文享以高温堆肥、动物养殖她土壤和含氮量较高的常规土壤为分离源物质。用添加NH4Cl的培养液对12种分离源中的微生物进行了多次富集与驯化，然后通过平板分离获菌34株，经摇瓶试验认定其中有6株菌适合在高铵、碱性、高温的环境下生长；之后综合考虑菌株生长情况、铵耐受力和传代稳定性，确定了来源于美商堆肥基质的混合菌群甲和来源于蚯蚓土基质的混合菌群乙，作为保氮菌剂的菌源。并以1：1的比例用菌群甲、乙复合培养制备了微生物菌剂，添加菌剂使堆制后的厨余堆肥全氮含量较对照高8．2％，堆肥氮损失同比减小17．5％，证明自制保氮菌剂的添加达到了降低堆肥氮损失的预期效果。

This paper focuses on breeding of thermophilic bacterial community for control nitrogen losses during composting, to which little attention has been given currently. The sources of target-bacteria were high--temperature composts, the soil from the animals farm and the ordinary soil of higher nitrogen content respectively. The culture media containing NH4Cl were applied on a series of domestication and isolation bacterium from 12 sorts original source materials. First 34 strains of bacteria were isolated from source substrates by the streak--plate technique, second a total of 6 strains of bacteria adjusting to the high temperature and alkaline environmental conditions with much ammonium were identified by the successive liquid incubation, third taking the account of the tolerance of ammonium, the stability of inheritance and growth, 2 species of the bacteria from compost in Meighang mill and the soil enriched by earthworm were identified as the original bacteria, fourth making nitrogen--preserving mierobial agent with listed above 2 species of the bacteria in the equal mixture ratio. The addition of the nitrogen--preserving microbial agent can reduce the loss of nitrogen during cornposting, uptaked the nitrogen content of final product of food waste composting by 8.2 % and reduced the nitrogen losses by 17.5 % to compare of parallel composting.