急性吗啡肌注大鼠死后体内吗啡再分布的免疫组化研究

RESEARCH OF POSTMORTEM REDISTRIBUTION OF MORPHINE AFTER ACUTE INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION OF MORPHINE IN RATS BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

本文采用免疫组化法对治疗量及中毒量吗啡注射大鼠死后体内吗啡的定位及分布变化分别进行研究。发现：⑴吗啡广泛分布于大脑皮质、海马回、基底核、丘脑、脑干、扣带回、嗅束、胼胝体及小脑神经细胞胞浆内及神经纤维；心、肝、肾、睾丸及血管平滑肌等也有吗啡分布，但胸腺、淋巴结等未发现吗啡存在；⑵治疗量吗啡注射鼠死后９６ｈ内，心、肝、肾、肾上腺等大部分实质器官组织细胞中吗啡含量随死后时间延长而明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；中毒量吗啡注射鼠死后１２ｈ内，组织细胞中吗啡含量变化甚微，但死后２４－９６ｈ，吗啡量缓慢递减（Ｐ＜０．０５）。骨骼肌吗啡量随死后时间延长而明显增加，死后４８ｈ内脑组织吗啡量无明显变化。本研究证实死后尸体内吗啡再分布的客观存在，探讨了吗啡再分布发生机制。免疫组化法为海洛因或吗啡成瘾及中毒死亡的医学检测提供了新的手段。

The postmortem disposition and distribution changes of morphine after intramuscular injection of therapeutic and toxic doses morphine treated rats were studied by immunohistochemistry. The results showed that: ⑴morphine was found in cerebral cortex,hippocampus,basal nuclei,thalamus,brain stem,cingulum,olfactory tract,corpus callosum and cerebellum's neuron or nerve fiber.It was also found in myocardium,liver,kidney,testicle and small artery's smooth muscles,etc,but not found in thymus,lymphnode,etc;⑵ in the group with therapeutic-dose morphine,morphine level in mostparenchymatous organs (myocardium,liver,kidney,adrenal,etc.)declined obiviously within 96 hours after death(p<0.01);in the group with toxic-dose morphine,morphine level in most organs did not change significantly within 12 hours after death,but decreased slowly at 24 hour,48 hour and 96 hour after death (P<0.05).However,morphine in skeletal muscles increased significantly as time went on after death,but did not change obviously in brain tissue within 48 hours after death.This study confirmed that the postmortem redistribution of morphine exists and discussed the mechanism of postmortem redistribution of morphine.The immunohistochemistry provided a new method for medical detection of heorin(or morphine) addicts and heroin induced death.